Kaplan Nursing Entrance Exam Practice 2026 – Comprehensive Prep

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What is an action potential?

A gradual change in the membrane potential

A short-lasting event with rapid rise and fall of membrane potential

An action potential is defined as a short-lasting event characterized by a rapid rise and subsequent fall of the membrane potential. This phenomenon occurs in neurons and muscle cells when they become excited by stimuli. During an action potential, there is a swift influx of sodium ions into the cell, resulting in a rapid depolarization of the membrane. This is quickly followed by the efflux of potassium ions which causes repolarization, returning the membrane potential back to its resting state.

This process is essential for the propagation of electrical signals along nerve fibers and for the functioning of muscles. The brief nature of the action potential allows for the rapid transmission of information across long distances within the body. Understanding this fundamental concept is crucial for grasping how the nervous system and muscle contraction operate efficiently.

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A steady state of membrane potential

A long-term increase in membrane potential

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