Kaplan Nursing Entrance Practice Exam

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

1. Synthesis of proteins

2. Energy production

3. Modification and sorting of proteins

4. DNA replication

The correct answer is: Modification and sorting of proteins

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the processing and packaging of proteins that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Its primary functions involve modifying the proteins by adding carbohydrate or phosphate groups, which can be essential for their functionality. After modification, the Golgi sorts and directs the proteins to their appropriate destinations, either inside or outside the cell. This sorting mechanism ensures that proteins are delivered to the right locations, which is vital for proper cellular function. Other functions such as energy production or DNA replication don't involve the Golgi apparatus. Energy production is primarily carried out by mitochondria, while DNA replication occurs in the nucleus. The synthesis of proteins happens in the ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, not in the Golgi apparatus. Hence, the modification and sorting of proteins stand out as the key activities performed by the Golgi, cementing its importance in cellular processes.