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Which best describes the function of tRNA?

  1. It replicates DNA

  2. It carries genetic information

  3. It binds specific amino acids for protein synthesis

  4. It catalyzes chemical reactions

The correct answer is: It binds specific amino acids for protein synthesis

The function of tRNA, or transfer RNA, is crucial in the process of protein synthesis. tRNA is specialized for recognizing specific amino acids and transporting them to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon region that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic code. This role is essential because proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and the sequence of these amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein. The binding of specific amino acids to their corresponding tRNA ensures that proteins are synthesized accurately, which is fundamental for cellular functions and overall organismal health. In contrast, the other functions described (like replicating DNA, carrying genetic information, or catalyzing chemical reactions) are carried out by other types of molecules or enzymes, which highlights the specialized role that tRNA plays in the broader context of molecular biology.